American flags hang in a shop window in downtown McAllen, Texas on July 3. (Carolyn Van Houten/The Washington Post)
MCALLEN, Tex. —
Maria’s Restaurant offers Pollo en Mole for $8.25 and patriotic red,
white and blue peanut M&Ms for a quarter in a gumball machine near
the front door.
The menu in this family
restaurant, about seven miles from the U.S.-Mexico border, is a
reflection of the blended community it has served for 41 years. But now
this town built on immigration has become ground zero for the nation’s
nastiest political battle in the angry summer of 2018.
“This
is a border culture, so these people are not monsters to us,” said
Carolina Garza, 31, a third-generation Mexican-American whose family
runs Maria’s.
She was talking about the masses
of Central American immigrants flowing across the southern U.S. border
by the thousands this summer seeking asylum, work and refuge from their
violent homelands.
McAllen is home to the
massive U.S. Customs and Border Protection facility where families
crossing the border illegally have been separated and children have been
housed under the administration’s “zero tolerance” policy. The
detention center for children is known as the “dog kennel” for its rooms
made of chain-link fencing.
The
separations of about 2,400 children from their parents have sparked
protests across the country and news coverage around the world. McAllen
has suddenly become world-famous for something that it has no control
over, which residents say is at odds with the city’s bicultural nature.
Hundreds
of activists, lawyers, protesters, religious leaders, journalists, a
heavy presence of federal law enforcement officers and even National
Guard troops have poured into this city and the rest of the Rio Grande
Valley in recent weeks.
The policy is seen as
unwanted and unfair in this border city of 142,000 whose population is
90 percent Hispanic and so fully bilingual that roadside anti-littering
signs say “No dumping basura” (trash).
“A lot of people want to blame McAllen for what’s happening,” Garza said. “It feels kind of disgusting, to be honest.”
As
McAllen prepared for its massive annual Fourth of July parade and
fireworks display of patriotism, this city found itself feeling like a
punching bag in the furious national immigration debate.
Mayor
Jim Darling, who keeps U.S., Mexican and Texas flags in his downtown
office, said McAllen has suffered because of some of Trump’s statements
and policies.
“I wrote the president, and I
said, ‘We’re Americans, too, and some of the rhetoric hurts
Americans,’ ” he said. “We’re an all-American city that speaks Spanish.”
Mayor Jim Darling talks about the photos in his office, of McAllen through the years. (Carolyn Van Houten/The Washington Post)
Darling
said that although McAllen is often portrayed as a “dusty border town,”
it is a vibrant industrial hub closely linked to factories across the
border in the much larger industrial city of Reynosa.
He
said McAllen spends more than $1 million annually recruiting businesses
in Japan, Korea and other countries, mainly to invest in factories in
Mexico. Many of the engineers, executives and other managers who work in
those factories live in McAllen.
He said
McAllen has 18 million visitors a year, about 40 percent of whom come
from Mexico. For decades, La Plaza Mall has been a destination for
Mexican shoppers, who obtain a U.S. Border Crossing Card that allows
them to cross into Texas as long as they stay within 25 miles of the
border.
McAllen
raises more sales tax per capita than almost any other Texas city —
about $60 million last year, greater than its property tax revenue,
Darling said. And nearly a fifth of that comes from La Plaza.
In
recent years, that resource has been hurt by increasing violence in
Mexico, the falling value of the Mexican peso, and Trump’s anti-Mexican
rhetoric.
Trump so angered some Mexicans last
year that they started an #AdiosMcAllen social media campaign urging
Mexican shoppers to boycott McAllen. Darling traveled to Monterrey to
reassure Mexicans that his city still welcomed them. He said the city
spent about $300,000 on a marketing campaign called “Amigos Always” to
counter the damage.
“My face is still on billboards in Monterrey,” he said.
Now the family separation issue is creating new image problems for McAllen. The city has been through similar strains in the past, including in 2014 when a flood of unaccompanied children from Central America ended up being processed in McAllen.
But
this time is the most intense anyone can remember. The Rio Grande
Valley is the U.S. Border Patrol’s busiest sector, accounting for 40
percent of the apprehensions of illegal border-crossers along the entire
2,000-mile U.S.-Mexico border. Migrants use the valley as a gateway to
cities across America, but few stay in McAllen.
“There’s
some impression around the world that people are dying to come to
McAllen, and that’s just not the case,” said Police Chief Victor
Rodriguez. “It happens to be a crossing point, but the destinations are
everywhere else in the country.”
Moses
Cariaga, 9, left, watches with other participants as his mother, Audrey
Cisneros, takes part in the Break Bread Not Families event, a 24-hour
hunger strike and prayer chain in downtown McAllen, Tex., on Tuesday.
(Carolyn Van Houten/The Washington Post)
He
said crime in the city is at a 33-year low, and there have been no
murders this year. He said drug-related violence has increased in parts
of Mexico, adding that it has not affected McAllen.
But
anger at Trump’s family separations was still raw in Archer Park, a
grassy oasis in the middle of McAllen. At noon on Monday, in the shade
of the gazebo where city workers were preparing for the July 4
celebration, a dozen people stood before a photo of Robert F. Kennedy
and César Chávez. They were there as part of a fasting protest organized
by Lupe, the civil rights group Chávez founded.
“We’re
about to celebrate our day of independence and freedom, and we keep
incarcerating young children and people who have only come here looking
for work,” said Marco Antonio Lopez, 31, who began his 24-hour fast on
Monday.
Lopez grew up here in the Rio Grande
Valley, the son of immigrants, and became a citizen at 20. He said he’s
never seen so much law enforcement in McAllen, and he said it feels
alien and is upsetting to him.
“It’s really strange,” he said. “This is not who we are. We need people to wake up.”
At
Maria’s Restaurant, the breakfast crowd started rolling in when the
doors opened at 7 a.m. Tuesday. Families with young children, older
couples, and office workers in crisp dress shirts sat at tables
surrounded by walls painted vibrant yellow, orange, blue and green.
Michael
Mata, 44, and his wife, Adriana Mulato, 43, sat down to order breakfast
in English and Spanish that blended as easily as scrambled eggs.
“I’d like one egg, over hard, sin tortillas,” said Mata, a police officer in nearby Pharr.
“Tienes bisquetes?” asked Mulato, a Mexico-born waitress who now lives with her husband in McAllen.
Michael
Mata and Adriana Mulato eat breakfast at Maria's Restaurant in McAllen,
Tex., on Tuesday. (Carolyn Van Houten/The Washington Post)
Mata
said his department trains officers in “customer service” and requires
them to complete regular cultural diversity classes to keep their
certification.
“I have no problem with people who are coming here for a better life,” Mata said. “Everybody had a right to peace of mind.”
He
said he has breakfast almost every day with a friend, a retired doctor
from Oklahoma, who is a big Trump supporter and wore his Make America
Great Again hat to one of their meals last week.
“People have different views of this administration,” Mata said with a laugh. “But we treat everyone with respect.”
Across the dining room, a 76-year-old man sat reading a Spanish-language newspaper.
“There’s
a general feeling of tension and apprehension here because of the
threats and the policies coming from Trump,” the man said.
The
man said he was a permanent legal resident and declined to give his
name because he said he was afraid of repercussions from authorities. He
said he had read stories about Border Patrol officers in other parts of
the country questioning people simply because they were heard speaking
Spanish.
“That has a chilling effect,” he said. “People are much more careful now.”
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